Importancia de la correcta manipulación de indicios biológicos para la genética forense

Abstract

Introduction. Within forensic sciences is forensic genetics, which is based on the principle of genetic fingerprinting. DNA tests are considered the gold standard of evidence in certain types of cases, especially identification. DNA provides this biological identity to individuals and can be analyzed by different molecular methods. Objetive. Know the importance of the correct handling of biological evidence in forensic genetics. Methodology. A bibliographic information search was carried out in electronic databases such as: Redalyc, Dialnet, Recolecta, Resh, Medline, etc. This in order to find articles related to the proposed topic. Results. Forensic Genetics is a specialty of Genetics that includes a set of Genetic knowledge necessary to solve certain legal problems. The types of expertise most requested from the forensic genetics laboratory by the courts are cases of biological investigation of paternity, biological criminalistics expertise and finally identification problems. Biological samples such as saliva, semen, blood, hair and skin remains under the nails of the victims are frequently found at the crime scene. From these samples, DNA can be obtained from the person from whom they come. DNA analysis techniques in all processes include: extraction, quantification, amplification of genetic markers and DNA detection or typing. The correct handling of the different types of biological evidence is very important for obtaining DNA. Conclusion. Forensic Genetics consists of the application of techniques for the identification of individuals based on molecular markers to resolve legal issues The source of the DNA is the different types of biological evidence, such as blood, semen, saliva, hair, etc. The lifting, the packaging and sealing, must be done correctly to obtain DNA analysis.