Artículos
Intervenciones fisioterapéuticas aplicadas en complicaciones post-extracción de terceros molares: revisión sistemática
Publicado 2023-12-01
Palabras clave
- Trismus,
- fisioterapia,
- extracción,
- tercer molar,
- complicaciones
Resumen
La extracción de terceros molares es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos orales más comunes, además, la cirugía se asocia frecuentemente con dolor posoperatorio, hinchazón y trismus, entre otras complicaciones menos comunes, como la osteítis alveolar, infecciones o lesiones nerviosas. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática para analizar las posibles modalidades fisioterapéuticas aplicadas como tratamiento de las complicaciones inflamatorias producidas por la extracción de terceros molares y evaluar los efectos que tiene cada una. Los artículos sobre técnicas fisioterapéuticas aplicadas a disminuir el dolor, la hinchazón y trismus se identificaron mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos de PubMed, Cochrane y PEDro. Los límites del estudio incluyeron humanos, antigüedad no mayor a 5 años y ensayos controlados aleatorizados. No hubo restricciones con respecto al idioma. Tras un análisis de- tallado, se sugiere que las modalidades de kinesiotaping, laser de bajo nivel y estimulación nerviosa eléctrica transcutánea tiene efectos positivos sobre el dolor, la hinchazón y el trismus, además, se observó que algunos estudios presentan un riesgo de sesgo moderado, por lo que algunos resultados podrían no ser concluyentes.
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Referencias
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Asutay, F., Kucuk, A. O., Alan, H., & Koparal, M. (2018). Three-dimensional evaluation of the effect of low-level laser therapy on facial swelling after lower third molar surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 21(9), 1107. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_38_18
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Burton, C. V., & Maurer, D. (1976). Solvent-Activated Current passing tape electrode for transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the peripheral nervous system. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-23(4), 346-347. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1976.324596
Cebi, A. T. (2019). Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain after impacted third molar surgery. Medicina Oral Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal, e404-e408. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.22871
Cho, H., Lynham, A., & Hsu, E. W. (2017). Postoperative interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after third molar surgery: Review of the current evidence. Australian Dental Journal, 62(4), 412-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12526
Coulthard, P., Bailey, E., Esposito, M., Furness, S., Renton, T., & Worthington, H. V. (2014). Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth. The Cochrane libray.https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004345.pub2
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Duarte-Rodrigues, L., Miranda, E. F. P., Souza, T. O., De Paiva, H. N., Falci, S. G. M., & Galvão, E. L. (2018). Third molar removal and its impact on quality of life: systematic review and meta-analysis. Quality of Life Research, 27(10), 2477-2489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1889-1
Erdil, A., Akbulut, N., Altan, A., & Demirsoy, M. S. (2020). Comparison of the effect of therapeutic elastic bandage, submucosal dexamethasone, or dexketoprofen trometamol on inflammatory symptoms and quality of life following third molar surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(4), 1849-1857.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03487-y
Farhadi, F., Eslami, H., Majidi, A., Fakhrzadeh, V., Ghanizadeh, M., & Khadem-Neghad, S. (2017). Evaluation of adjunctive effect of low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted lower third molar: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Laser therapy, 26(3), 181-187. https://doi.org/10.5978/islsm.17-or-13
Genç, A., Çakarer, S., Yalçın, B. K., Kilic, B. B., İşler, S. C., & Keskin, C. (2018). A comparative study of surgical drain placement and the use of kinesiologic tape to reduce postoperative morbidity after third molar surgery. Clinical Oral Investigations, 23(1), 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2442-x
Gözlüklü, Ö., Ulu, M., Gözlüklü, H. Ö., & Yılmaz, N. (2020). Comparison of different kinesio taping techniques after third molar surgery. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 78(5), 695-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2019.12.026
Graziani, F., D’Aiuto, F., Gennai, S., Petrini, M., Nisi, M., Cirigliano, N., Landini, L., Bruno, R. M., Taddei, S., & Ghiadoni, L. (2017). Systemic inflammation after third molar removal: A Case-Control Study. Journal of Dental Research, 96(13), 1505-1512. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517722775
Hadad, H., Santos, A. F. P., De Jesus, L. K., Poli, P. P., Mariano, R. C., Theodoro, L. H., Maiorana, C., & Souza, F. Á. (2022). Photobiomodulation therapy improves postoperative pain and edema in third molar surgeries: a randomized, comparative, Double-Blind, and prospective clinical trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 80(1), 37.e1-37. e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.267
Hörmann, J., Vach, W., Jakob, M., Seghers, S., & Saxer, F. (2020). Kinesiotaping for postoperative oedema – What is the evidence? A Systematic review. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-020-00162-3
Jaroń, A., Jedliński, M., Grzywacz, E., Mazur, M., & Trybek, G. (2020). Kinesiology Taping as an Innovative Measure against Post-Operative Complications after Third Molar Extraction—Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(12), 3988. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123988
Jaroń, A., Preuss, O., Grzywacz, E., & Trybek, G. (2021b). The impact of using Kinesio Tape on Non-Infectious Complications after Impacted Mandibular Third molar surgery. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 399. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020399
Jeyashree, T., & Kumar, M. (2022). Evaluation of difficulty index of impacted mandibular third molar extractions. PubMed, 13(Suppl 1), S98-S101. https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_362_22
Kafa, N., Çıtaker, S., Ömeroğlu, S., Peker, T., Coşkun, N., & Diker, S. (2015). Effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal–dermal distance, pain, edema and inflammation after experimentally induced soft tissue trauma. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 31(8), 556-561. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.1062943
Kafa, N., Çıtaker, S., Ömeroğlu, S., Peker, T., Coşkun, N., & Diker, S. (2015). Effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal–dermal distance, pain, edema and inflammation after experimentally induced soft tissue trauma. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 31(8), 556-561. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.1062943
Khan, A., Iadarola, M. J., Yang, H., & Dionne, R. A. (2007). Expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in a clinical model of acute inflammation. The Journal of Pain, 8(4), 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2006.10.004
Koparal, M., Kucuk, A. O., Alan, H., Asutay, F., & Avcı, M. (2018). Effects of low-level laser therapy following surgical extraction of the lower third molar with objective measurement of swelling using a three-dimensional system. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5921
Le, H. T., Huynh, N. C., Nguyen-Ho, Q., Nguyễn, T. T., Le, S. H., & Nguyen, L. T. (2022). Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on reducing acute pain and inflammation following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomized, Split-Mouth clinical trial. Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery, 40(4), 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2021.0110
McGrath, C., Comfort, M. B., Lo, E. C. M., & Luo, Y. (2003). Can third molar surgery improve quality of life? A 6-month cohort study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 61(7), 759-763. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(03)00150-2
Momeni, E., Kazemi, F., & Sanaei‐rad, P. (2022). Extraoral low-level laser therapy can decrease pain but not edema and trismus after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02461-2
Neelofar, A., Chandra, J., & Sequeira, O. (2022). Efficacy of low level laser therapy in reducing pain, swelling and trismus following impacted third molar extraction surgery: a split-mouth randomised controlled trial. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2022/55209.16673
Parker, S. (2007). Low-level laser use in dentistry. British Dental Journal, 202(3), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/bdj.2007.75
Peng, W., Tang, Z., Zhang, F. R., Li, H., Kong, Y., Iannetti, G. D., & Hu, L. (2019). Neurobiological mechanisms of TENS-induced analgesia. NeuroImage, 195, 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.077
Sayed, N., Bakathir, A., Pasha, M., & Al-Sudairy, S. (2019). Complications of third molar extraction: a retrospective study from a tertiary healthcare centre in Oman. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 19(3), 230. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.03.009
Seymour, R. A., Meechan, J. G., & Blair, G. S. (1985). An investigation into post-operative pain after third molar surgery under local analgesia. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 23(6), 410-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(85)90025-7
Tatlı, U., Benlidayı, İ. C., Salimov, F., & Güzel, R. (2020). Effectiveness of kinesio taping on postoperative morbidity after impacted mandibular third molar surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0159
Yüksek, M. N., & Eroğlu, C. N. (2021). Clinical evaluation of single and repeated sessions of photobiomodulation with two different therapeutic wavelengths for reducing postoperative sequelae after impacted mandibular third molar surgery: a randomized, double-blind clinical study. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0383
Arabion, H., Kazemi, H., Dehganian, Y., Ebrahimi, R., & Tabrizi, R. (2017). Evaluation of the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postoperative pain in surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Journal of «Regeneration, Reconstruction & Restoration» (Triple R), 2(1), 40-43. https://doi.org/10.22037/rrr.v2i1.14201
Asutay, F., Kucuk, A. O., Alan, H., & Koparal, M. (2018). Three-dimensional evaluation of the effect of low-level laser therapy on facial swelling after lower third molar surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 21(9), 1107. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_38_18
Bouloux, G. F., Steed, M. B., & Perciaccante, V. J. (2007). Complications of third molar surgery. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, 19(1), 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coms.2006.11.013
Burton, C. V., & Maurer, D. (1976). Solvent-Activated Current passing tape electrode for transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the peripheral nervous system. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-23(4), 346-347. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1976.324596
Cebi, A. T. (2019). Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain after impacted third molar surgery. Medicina Oral Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal, e404-e408. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.22871
Cho, H., Lynham, A., & Hsu, E. W. (2017). Postoperative interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after third molar surgery: Review of the current evidence. Australian Dental Journal, 62(4), 412-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12526
Coulthard, P., Bailey, E., Esposito, M., Furness, S., Renton, T., & Worthington, H. V. (2014). Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth. The Cochrane libray.https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004345.pub2
Dhanrajani, P., & Jonaidel, O. (2002). Trismus: Aetiology, Differential Diagnosis and treatment. Dental update, 29(2), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2002.29.2.88
Duarte-Rodrigues, L., Miranda, E. F. P., Souza, T. O., De Paiva, H. N., Falci, S. G. M., & Galvão, E. L. (2018). Third molar removal and its impact on quality of life: systematic review and meta-analysis. Quality of Life Research, 27(10), 2477-2489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1889-1
Erdil, A., Akbulut, N., Altan, A., & Demirsoy, M. S. (2020). Comparison of the effect of therapeutic elastic bandage, submucosal dexamethasone, or dexketoprofen trometamol on inflammatory symptoms and quality of life following third molar surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(4), 1849-1857.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03487-y
Farhadi, F., Eslami, H., Majidi, A., Fakhrzadeh, V., Ghanizadeh, M., & Khadem-Neghad, S. (2017). Evaluation of adjunctive effect of low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted lower third molar: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Laser therapy, 26(3), 181-187. https://doi.org/10.5978/islsm.17-or-13
Genç, A., Çakarer, S., Yalçın, B. K., Kilic, B. B., İşler, S. C., & Keskin, C. (2018). A comparative study of surgical drain placement and the use of kinesiologic tape to reduce postoperative morbidity after third molar surgery. Clinical Oral Investigations, 23(1), 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2442-x
Gözlüklü, Ö., Ulu, M., Gözlüklü, H. Ö., & Yılmaz, N. (2020). Comparison of different kinesio taping techniques after third molar surgery. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 78(5), 695-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2019.12.026
Graziani, F., D’Aiuto, F., Gennai, S., Petrini, M., Nisi, M., Cirigliano, N., Landini, L., Bruno, R. M., Taddei, S., & Ghiadoni, L. (2017). Systemic inflammation after third molar removal: A Case-Control Study. Journal of Dental Research, 96(13), 1505-1512. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517722775
Hadad, H., Santos, A. F. P., De Jesus, L. K., Poli, P. P., Mariano, R. C., Theodoro, L. H., Maiorana, C., & Souza, F. Á. (2022). Photobiomodulation therapy improves postoperative pain and edema in third molar surgeries: a randomized, comparative, Double-Blind, and prospective clinical trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 80(1), 37.e1-37. e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.267
Hörmann, J., Vach, W., Jakob, M., Seghers, S., & Saxer, F. (2020). Kinesiotaping for postoperative oedema – What is the evidence? A Systematic review. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-020-00162-3
Jaroń, A., Jedliński, M., Grzywacz, E., Mazur, M., & Trybek, G. (2020). Kinesiology Taping as an Innovative Measure against Post-Operative Complications after Third Molar Extraction—Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(12), 3988. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123988
Jaroń, A., Preuss, O., Grzywacz, E., & Trybek, G. (2021b). The impact of using Kinesio Tape on Non-Infectious Complications after Impacted Mandibular Third molar surgery. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 399. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020399
Jeyashree, T., & Kumar, M. (2022). Evaluation of difficulty index of impacted mandibular third molar extractions. PubMed, 13(Suppl 1), S98-S101. https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_362_22
Kafa, N., Çıtaker, S., Ömeroğlu, S., Peker, T., Coşkun, N., & Diker, S. (2015). Effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal–dermal distance, pain, edema and inflammation after experimentally induced soft tissue trauma. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 31(8), 556-561. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.1062943
Kafa, N., Çıtaker, S., Ömeroğlu, S., Peker, T., Coşkun, N., & Diker, S. (2015). Effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal–dermal distance, pain, edema and inflammation after experimentally induced soft tissue trauma. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 31(8), 556-561. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.1062943
Khan, A., Iadarola, M. J., Yang, H., & Dionne, R. A. (2007). Expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in a clinical model of acute inflammation. The Journal of Pain, 8(4), 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2006.10.004
Koparal, M., Kucuk, A. O., Alan, H., Asutay, F., & Avcı, M. (2018). Effects of low-level laser therapy following surgical extraction of the lower third molar with objective measurement of swelling using a three-dimensional system. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5921
Le, H. T., Huynh, N. C., Nguyen-Ho, Q., Nguyễn, T. T., Le, S. H., & Nguyen, L. T. (2022). Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on reducing acute pain and inflammation following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomized, Split-Mouth clinical trial. Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery, 40(4), 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2021.0110
McGrath, C., Comfort, M. B., Lo, E. C. M., & Luo, Y. (2003). Can third molar surgery improve quality of life? A 6-month cohort study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 61(7), 759-763. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(03)00150-2
Momeni, E., Kazemi, F., & Sanaei‐rad, P. (2022). Extraoral low-level laser therapy can decrease pain but not edema and trismus after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02461-2
Neelofar, A., Chandra, J., & Sequeira, O. (2022). Efficacy of low level laser therapy in reducing pain, swelling and trismus following impacted third molar extraction surgery: a split-mouth randomised controlled trial. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2022/55209.16673
Parker, S. (2007). Low-level laser use in dentistry. British Dental Journal, 202(3), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/bdj.2007.75
Peng, W., Tang, Z., Zhang, F. R., Li, H., Kong, Y., Iannetti, G. D., & Hu, L. (2019). Neurobiological mechanisms of TENS-induced analgesia. NeuroImage, 195, 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.077
Sayed, N., Bakathir, A., Pasha, M., & Al-Sudairy, S. (2019). Complications of third molar extraction: a retrospective study from a tertiary healthcare centre in Oman. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 19(3), 230. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.03.009
Seymour, R. A., Meechan, J. G., & Blair, G. S. (1985). An investigation into post-operative pain after third molar surgery under local analgesia. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 23(6), 410-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(85)90025-7
Tatlı, U., Benlidayı, İ. C., Salimov, F., & Güzel, R. (2020). Effectiveness of kinesio taping on postoperative morbidity after impacted mandibular third molar surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0159
Yüksek, M. N., & Eroğlu, C. N. (2021). Clinical evaluation of single and repeated sessions of photobiomodulation with two different therapeutic wavelengths for reducing postoperative sequelae after impacted mandibular third molar surgery: a randomized, double-blind clinical study. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0383